Acid Reflux / Heartburn

Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid or bile irritates the lining of the esophagus. This backflow, or reflux, can cause a range of symptoms, including the hallmark feeling of heartburn, which is often described as a burning sensation in the chest or throat. It's estimated that up to 20% of people in the United States experience acid reflux regularly, with a significant percentage developing GERD, a more persistent and chronic form of the condition (American College of Gastroenterology).

For those dealing with recurring symptoms of acid reflux, seeking treatment is essential, as it can lead to complications if left untreated.

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) plays a critical role in preventing stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus. It acts like a valve, allowing food and liquids to enter the stomach while preventing acid from rising up into the esophagus. However, when the LES does not function properly due to relaxation or weakness, stomach acid can flow backward into the esophagus, resulting in heartburn.

Several factors can contribute to the malfunction of the LES, including:

• Obesity

• Smoking

• Alcohol consumption

• Pregnancy

• Hiatal hernia

• Certain foods, especially spicy and fatty foods

In addition, certain lifestyle habits and underlying medical conditions can exacerbate the symptoms of acid reflux, increasing the risk of developing GERD

The primary symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, which presents as a burning sensation in the chest or upper abdomen. Other common symptoms include:

• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

• Chronic cough

• Hoarseness or sore throat

• Nausea

• Regurgitation of food or liquid

These symptoms often worsen after eating large meals or when lying down, making it essential to recognize early signs of reflux to prevent further complications.

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing acid reflux or heartburn, including:

• Smoking: Smoking weakens the LES and increases stomach acid production.

• Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol use can relax the LES and irritate the stomach lining.

• Obesity: Being overweight puts additional pressure on the abdomen, contributing to acid reflux.

• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and physical pressure on the stomach can lead to acid reflux during pregnancy.

• Dietary triggers: Fatty, spicy, or acidic foods can aggravate symptoms.

It's essential to manage these risk factors proactively to minimize the frequency and severity of acid reflux episodes.

At Hazba Medical Center, our team of experts uses various diagnostic methods to confirm the presence of acid reflux and GERD. Clinical diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms reported by the patient. However, to evaluate the severity and any potential complications, additional diagnostic tests may include:

• Upper GI endoscopy: A procedure that involves using a thin tube with a camera to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

• pH monitoring: A test to measure acid levels in the esophagus over a 24-hour period.

• Esophageal manometry: A test to evaluate the function of the esophagus and the LES.

These tests help determine the underlying cause of acid reflux and whether there are any complications, such as esophagitis or Barrett’s esophagus.

Managing acid reflux involves a combination of lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medications. At Hazba Medical Center, we provide personalized treatment plans to effectively manage your symptoms.

Lifestyle and Dietary Modifications

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• Eat smaller meals: Instead of large meals, opt for smaller, more frequent meals to reduce pressure on the LES.

• Avoid trigger foods: Identify and avoid foods that can aggravate acid reflux, such as spicy foods, citrus, chocolate, and fried foods.

• Maintain a healthy weight: Reducing excess weight can help alleviate pressure on the abdomen and reduce reflux.

• Quit smoking: Smoking weakens the LES and increases acid production.

• Limit alcohol consumption: Moderating alcohol intake can help manage reflux symptoms.

Medications

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• Several medications are available to help manage acid reflux, including:

• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Medications that reduce stomach acid production, such as omeprazole and lansoprazole.

• H2 Blockers: Medications like ranitidine and famotidine, which reduce acid secretion in the stomach.

• Antacids: Over-the-counter medications that neutralize stomach acid and provide immediate relief from heartburn.

• Surgical Treatments

• For individuals with severe, persistent acid reflux or GERD, surgical intervention may be necessary. The most common procedure is fundoplication, which strengthens the LES and prevents acid from refluxing into the esophagus. Surgery is typically considered when lifestyle changes and medications do not provide sufficient relief.

Preventing acid reflux involves making smart lifestyle choices:

• Avoid lying down immediately after eating: Wait at least 2-3 hours after eating before lying down or going to bed.

• Eat slowly and chew thoroughly: This reduces the strain on your digestive system and minimizes reflux episodes.

• Wear loose-fitting clothing: Tight clothes can put pressure on your abdomen and worsen reflux.

• Elevate your head while sleeping: Sleeping with your head raised helps prevent acid from flowing back into the esophagus.

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By incorporating these habits into your routine, you can reduce the risk of experiencing acid reflux.

If left untreated, chronic acid reflux (GERD) can lead to several serious health issues, including:

• Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus that can cause bleeding and ulcers.

• Barrett’s Esophagus: A condition where the esophageal lining changes, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer.

• Dental erosion: Stomach acid can erode tooth enamel, leading to dental problems.

• Respiratory issues: Long-term acid reflux can contribute to asthma and other breathing problems.

Addressing acid reflux early can help prevent these complications and improve your quality of life.

• Acid reflux can also be associated with other conditions, including:

• GERD: A more severe form of acid reflux.

• Barrett’s Esophagus: A condition resulting from long-term acid reflux that increases the risk of esophageal cancer.

• Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, often related to acid reflux.

• H. Pylori Gastritis: An infection caused by the Helicobacter pylori bacteria that can worsen acid reflux.

• Acid reflux is a common condition that can cause discomfort but is typically manageable with lifestyle changes, medications, and dietary modifications.

• GERD is a more severe and chronic form of acid reflux that requires medical attention to prevent complications.

• Early intervention is crucial in managing acid reflux and preventing more serious health issues such as esophagitis or esophageal cancer.

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If you're experiencing symptoms of acid reflux or heartburn, don't hesitate to seek professional advice from Hazba Medical Center. Our team of experienced healthcare providers is dedicated to offering personalized care and treatment to help you feel better.